Per sapere veramente tutto sull'alimentazione
La tabella internazionale dell'indice glicemico
Copyright by THEA 2004
| TABLE 1 International table of glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values: 20021 | |
| BAKERY PRODUCTS | |
| Cakes | |
| 1 Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada) | 67 |
| 2 Banana cake, made with sugar | 47 ± 8 |
| 3 Banana cake, made without sugar | 55 ± 10 |
| 4 Chocolate cake made from packet mix (Betty Crocker- General Mills Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA) | 38 ± 3 |
| 5 Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles- Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia) | 73 ± 12 |
| 6 Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and coconut) (Farmland, Australia) | 87 ± 17 |
| 7 Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada) | 54 |
| 8 Sponge cake, plain | 46 ± 6 |
| 9 Vanilla cake made from packet mix with vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA) | 42 ± 4 |
| 10 Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada) | 67 |
| 11 Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd, Etobicoke, Canada) | 69 |
| 12 Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada) | 76 |
| 13 Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) | 65 |
| 14 Muffins | |
| Apple, made with sugar5 | 44 ± 6 |
| Apple, made without sugar5 | 48 ± 10 |
| Apple, oat, and sultana, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co, Acacia Ridge, Australia) | 54 ± 4 |
| Apricot, coconut, and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co, Australia) | 60 ± 4 |
| Banana, oat and honey, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co, Australia) | 65 ± 11 |
| Bran (Grandma Martin's Muffins- Culinar Inc, Aurora, Canada) | 60 |
| Blueberry (Culinar Inc, Canada) | 59 |
| Carrot (Culinar Inc, Canada) | 62 |
| Chocolate butterscotch, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co, Australia) | 53 ± 5 |
| Corn muffin, low-amylose | 102 |
| Corn muffin, high-amylose | 49 |
| Oatmeal, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co of Canada, Peterborough, Canada) | 69 |
| 15 Pancakes, prepared from shake mix (Green's General Foods, Glendenning, Australia) | 67 ± 5 |
| 16 Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet mix (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Australia) | 102 ± 11 |
| 17 Pastry | 59 ± 6 |
| 18 Pikelets (Golden brand- Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, Australia) | 85 ± 14 |
| 19 Scones, plain, made from packet mix (Defiance Milling Co, Australia) | 92 ± 8 |
| 20 Waffles (Aunt Jemima- Quaker Oats Co of Canada) | 76 |
| BEVERAGES | |
| 21 Coca Cola | |
| Coca Cola, soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney, Australia) | 53 ± 7 |
| Coca Cola, soft drink (Atlanta, GA, USA) | 63 |
| Mean of 2 types | 58 ± 5 |
| 22 Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd, Berri, Australia) | 66 ± 8 |
| 23 Fanta, orange soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Australia) | 68 ± 6 |
| 24 Lucozade, original (sparkling glucose drink) (Glaxo Wellcome Ltd, Uxbridge, UK) | 95 ± 10 |
| 25 Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc, Omaha, NE, USA) | 33 ± 9 |
| 26 Smoothie drink, soy, banana (So Natural Foods, Tarren Point, Australia)6 | 30 ± 3 |
| 27 Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 34 ± 3 |
| 28 Solo, lemon squash, soft drink (Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, Australia)6 | 58 ± 5 |
| 29 Up and Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Berkeley Vale, Australia)6 | 43 ± 5 |
| 30 Up and Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)6 | 46 ± 5 |
| 31 Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 39 ± 2 |
| Juices | |
| 32 Apple juice | |
| Apple juice, pure, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berri Ltd, Berri, Australia) | 39 ± 5 |
| Apple juice, unsweetened | 40 |
| Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada) | 41 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 40 ± 1 |
| 33 Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Wandin, Australia) | 44 ± 2 |
| 34 Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia) | 37 ± 3 |
| 35 Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened (Wild About Fruit, Australia) | 43 ± 3 |
| 36 Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia)6 | 43 ± 3 |
| 37 Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, Melbourne, Australia) | 52 ± 3 |
| 38 Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray Inc, Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA) | 68 ± 3 |
| 39 Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray (Gerber Ltd, Bridgewater, UK) | 56 ± 4 |
| 40 Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) | 48 |
| 41 Orange juice | |
| Orange juice (Canada) | 46 ± 6 |
| Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Quelch- Berri Ltd, Carlton, Australia) | 53 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 50 ± 4 |
| 42 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada) | 46 |
| 43 Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar (Berri Ltd, Berri, Australia)6 | 38 ± 4 |
| 44 Yakult, fermented milk drink with Lactobacillus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia) | 46 ± 6 |
| Sports drinks | |
| 45 Gatorade (Spring Valley Beverages Pty Ltd, Cheltenham, Australia) | 78 ± 13 |
| 46 Isostar (Novartis Consumer Health, Nyon, Switzerland Australia) | 70 ± 15 |
| 47 Sports Plus (Berri Ltd, Australia) | 74 ± 6 |
| 48 Sustagen Sport (Mead Johnson, Rydalmere, Australia) | 43 ± 9 |
| Drinks made from drinking mix powders | |
| 49 Build-Up nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla Rydalmere, Australia) | 41 ± 4 |
| 50 Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with Rydalmere, Australia) | 51 ± 3 |
| 51 Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy protein and whey powder (Harrod foods, Sefton, Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) cow milk | 36 ± 3 |
| 52 Malted milk powder in full-fat cow milk (Nestlé, Australia) | 45 ± 3 |
| 53 Milo (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder) | |
| Milo (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water | 55 ± 3 |
| Milo (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand) dissolved in water | 52 ± 5 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 54 ± 2 |
| Milo (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat cow milk | 35 ± 2 |
| Milo (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat cow milk | 36 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 36 ± 1 |
| 54 Nutrimeal, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate (Usana, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) | 26 ± 3 |
| 55 Quik (sweet drink powder) | |
| Quik, chocolate (Nestlé, Sydney, Australia), dissolved in water | 53 ± 5 |
| Quik, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5%-fat milk | 41 ± 4 |
| Quik, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in water | 64 ± 8 |
| Quik, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), dissolved in 1.5%-fat milk | 35 ± 3 |
| BREADS | |
| 56 Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada) | 72 |
| 57 Baguette, white, plain (France) | 95 ± 15 |
| 58 French baguette with chocolate spread (France) | 72 ± 8 |
| 59 French baguette with butter and strawberry jam (France) | 62 ± 7 |
| 60 Pain au lait (Pasquier, France) | 63 ± 10 |
| 61 Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 74 |
| Barley breads | |
| 62 Coarse barley kernel bread, 75?80% kernels | |
| 75% kernels | 27 |
| 80% scalded intact kernels (20% white-wheat flour) | 34 |
| 80% intact kernels (20% white-wheat flour) | 40 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 34 ± 4 |
| 63 Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels | |
| 50% kernels (Canada) | 43 |
| 50% kibbled barley (Australia) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 46 ± 2 |
| 64 Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries, Sydney, Australia) | 57 ± 6 |
| 65 Barley flour breads | |
| 100% barley flour (Canada) | 67 |
| Whole-meal barley flour (80%) bread (20% white-wheat flour) (Sweden) | 67 |
| Whole-meal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (50% regular barley flour, 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden) | 50 |
| Whole-meal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (20% regular barley flour, 80% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden) | 43 |
| 66 Whole-meal barley flour (80%) and white-wheat flour (20%) bread fermented or with added organic acids or salts (Sweden) | |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread (used as reference for the 5 breads below)8 | 70 |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread with sourdough (lactic acid)8 | 53 |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread with lactic acid8 | 66 |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread with calcium lactate8 | 59 |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread with sodium propionate8 | 65 |
| Whole-meal barley flour bread with higher dose sodium propionate8 | 57 |
| Buckwheat bread | |
| 67 Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat groats and 50% white-wheat flour (Sweden) | 47 |
| Fruit bread | |
| 68 Bürgen fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 44 ± 5 |
| 69 Fruit and spice loaf, thick sliced (Buttercup Bakeries, Moorebank, Australia) | 54 ± 6 |
| 70 Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread with dried fruit (Australia) | 47 ± 6 |
| 71 Happiness (cinnamon, raisin, and pecan annitowoc, WI, USA) | 63 ± 5 |
| 72 Muesli bread, made from packet mix in bread making machine (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 54 ± 6 |
| 73 Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Canada) | 61 |
| 74 Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada) | 73 |
| 75 Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc, Etobicoke, Canada) | 70 |
| Gluten-free bread | |
| 76 Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Australia) | 79 ± 13 |
| 77 Gluten-free white bread (gluten-free wheat starch) (UK) | |
| Unsliced | 71 |
| Sliced | 80 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 76 ± 5 |
| 78 Gluten-free fiber-enriched | |
| Unsliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK) | 69 |
| Sliced (gluten-free wheat starch, soya bran) (UK) | 76 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 73 ± 4 |
| Oat bread | |
| 79 Coarse oat-kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels and 20% white-wheat flour (Sweden) | 65 |
| Oat-bran bread | |
| 80 50% Oat bran (Australia) | 44 |
| 81 45% Oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden) | 50 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 47 ± 3 |
| Rice bread | |
| 82 Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, Australia) | 72 ± 9 |
| 83 Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice (Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia) | 61 ± 9 |
| Rye bread | |
| 84 Rye-kernel (pumpernickel) bread | |
| Coarse rye-kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white-wheat flour (Sweden) | 41 |
| Rye-kernel bread, pumpernickel (Canada) | 41 |
| Whole-grain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 46 |
| Rye-kernel bread, pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada) | 55 |
| Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Toronto, Canada) | 55 |
| Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada) | 62 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 50 ± 4 |
| 85 Whole-meal rye bread | |
| Whole-meal rye bread (Canada) | 41 |
| Whole-meal rye bread (Canada) | 62 |
| Whole-meal rye bread (Canada) | 63 |
| Whole-meal rye bread (Canada) | 66 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 58 ± 6 |
| Specialty rye breads | |
| 86 Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, Australia) | 76 ± 14 |
| 87 Bürgen Dark/Swiss rye | |
| Bürgen Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 55 ± 12 |
| Bürgen Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 74 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 65 ± 10 |
| 88 Klosterbrot whole-meal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd, Canada) | 67 |
| 89 Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) | 68 |
| 90 Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd, Canada) | 55 |
| 91 Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns and Co, Sydney, Australia) | 59 ± 5 |
| 92 Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Sydney, Australia) | 86 ± 15 |
| 93 Sourdough rye | |
| Sourdough rye (Canada) | 57 |
| Sourdough rye (Australia) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 53 ± 5 |
| 94 Volkornbrot, whole-meal rye bread (Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd, Canada) | 56 |
| Wheat bread | |
| 95 Coarse wheat-kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and 20% white-wheat flour (Sweden) | 52 |
| 96 Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread | |
| 50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada) | 58 |
| 75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 53 ± 3 |
| Spelt wheat bread | |
| 97 White spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)9 | 74 |
| 98 Whole-meal spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)9 | 63 |
| 99 Scalded spelt wheat-kernel bread (Slovenia)9 | 67 |
| 100 Spelt multigrain bread (Pav's bakery, Australia) | 54 ± 10 |
| 101 White-wheat-flour bread | |
| White flour (Canada) | 69 ± 5 |
| White flour (USA) | 70 |
| White flour (Sunblest- Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 70 |
| White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd, Canada) | 71 |
| White flour (South Africa) | 71 ± 7 |
| White flour (Canada) | 71 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 70 ± 0 |
| 102 White-wheat-flour bread, hard, toasted (Italian) | 73 |
| 103 Wonder, enriched white bread (Interstate Brands Companies, Kansas City, MO, USA) | |
| Wonder, enriched white bread | 71 ± 9 |
| Wonder, enriched white bread | 72 ± 4 |
| Wonder, enriched white bread | 77 ± 3 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 73 ± 2 |
| 104 White Turkish bread (Turkey) | 87 |
| White bread with enzyme inhibitors | |
| 105 White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico) | |
| White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico) | 18 |
| White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico) | 50 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 34 ± 16 |
| 106 White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic | 48 |
| -amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland)7 | |
| 107 White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland)8 | 29 |
| White bread with soluble fiber | |
| 108 White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber(Plantago psyllium) | |
| White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium) (Mexico) | 41 |
| White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber | 65 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 53 ± 12 |
| 109 White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette (Sweden) | 45 |
| 110 White bread eaten with powdered dried seaweed Nori alga (Spain) | 48 |
| 111 White bread containing Eurylonhigh-amylose maize starch (France)12 | 42 |
| White fiber-enriched bread | |
| 112 White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate | 67 |
| 113 White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada) | 69 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 68 ± 1 |
| White resistant starch-enriched bread | |
| 114 Fibre white (Nature's Fresh, Auckland, New Zealand) | 77 ± 10 |
| 115 Wonderwhite (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia) | 80 ± 8 |
| 116 Whole-meal (whole-wheat) wheat-flour bread | |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 52 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 64 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 65 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 67 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 67 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 69 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 71 |
| Whole-meal flour (Canada) | 72 ± 6 |
| Whole-meal flour (USA)8 | 73 |
| Whole-meal flour (South Africa) | 75 ± 9 |
| Whole-meal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 77 ± 9 |
| Whole-meal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 78 ± 16 |
| Whole-meal flour (Kenya) | 87 |
| Mean of 13 studies | 71 ± 2 |
| 117 Whole-meal Turkish bread | 49 |
| Specialty wheat breads | |
| 118 Bürgen Mixed-Grain bread (Australia) | |
| Bürgen Mixed-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Chatswood, Australia) | 34 ± 4 |
| Bürgen Mixed-Grain | 45 ± 12 |
| Bürgen Mixed-Grain | 69 ± 6 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 49 ± 10 |
| 119 Bürgen Oat Bran and Honey Loaf with Barley (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 31 ± 3 |
| 120 Bürgen Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%) loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 36 ± 4 |
| 121 English Muffin bread (Natural Ovens, USA) | 77 ± 7 |
| 122 Healthy Choice Hearty 7 Grain (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 55 ± 6 |
| 123 Healthy Choice Hearty 100% Whole Grain (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 62 ± 6 |
| 124 Helga's Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers, Sydney, Australia) | 68 ± 9 |
| 125 Helga's traditional whole-meal bread (Quality Bakers, Australia) | 70 ± 14 |
| 126 Hunger Filler, whole-grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) | 59 ± 8 |
| 127 Molenberg (Goodman Fielder, Auckland, New Zealand) | |
| Molenberg | 75 ± 10 |
| Molenberg | 84 ± 8 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 80 ± 5 |
| 128 9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) | 43 ± 5 |
| 129 Multigrain loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia) | 54 ± 10 |
| 130 Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia) | 43 |
| 131 Nutty Natural, whole-grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) | 59 ± 7 |
| 132 Performax (Country Life Bakeries, Dandenong, Australia) | 38 ± 3 |
| 133 Ploughman's Whole-grain, original recipe (Quality Bakers, Australia) | 47 |
| 134 Ploughman's Whole-meal, smooth milled (Quality Bakers, Australia) | 64 ± 10 |
| 135 Semolina bread (Kenya) | 64 |
| 136 Sourdough wheat (Australia) | 54 |
| 137 Soy and linseed bread (made from packet mix in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 50 ± 6 |
| 138 Stay Trim, whole-grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) | 70 ± 10 |
| 139 Sunflower and barley bread, Riga brand (Berzin's Specialty Bakery, Australia) | 57 ± 6 |
| 140 Vogel's Honey and Oats (Stevns and Co, Australia) | 55 ± 5 |
| 141 Vogel's Roggenbrot (Stevns and Co, Australia) | 59 ± 5 |
| 142 Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd, Poole, Dorset, UK) | 74 |
| 143 100% Whole-grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA) | 51 ± 11 |
| 144 White-wheat-flour flatbread (Sweden) | 79 |
| Unleavened bread | |
| 145 Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, Australia) | 75 ± 9 |
| 146 Middle Eastern flatbread | 97 ± 29 |
| 147 Pita bread, white (Canada) | 57 |
| 148 Wheat-flour flatbread (India) | 66 ± 9 |
| 149 Amaranth:wheat (25:75) composite flour flatbread (India) | 66 ± 10 |
| 150 Amaranth:wheat (50:50) composite flour flatbread (India) | 76 ± 20 |
| BREAKFAST CEREALS AND RELATED PRODUCTS | |
| 151 All-Bran (high-fiber, extruded wheat-bran cereal) | |
| All-Bran (Kellogg's, Pagewood, Australia)13 | 30 |
| All-Bran (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA) | 38 |
| All-Bran (Kellogg's Inc, Etobicoke, Canada) | 50 |
| All-Bran (Kellogg's Inc, Canada) | 51 ± 5 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 42 ± 5 |
| 152 All-Bran Fruit ?n Oats (Kellogg's, Australia) | 39 |
| 153 All-Bran Soy ?n Fibre (Kellogg's, Australia) | 33 ± 3 |
| 154 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, eaten with milk and nonnutritive sweetener (India) | 97 ± 19 |
| Barley porridge | |
| 155 Whole-meal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley) (flour:water, 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden) | 68 |
| 156 Whole-meal high-fiber barley flour porridge (50% regular barley flour: 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden) | 55 |
| 157 Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden) | 62 |
| 158 Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled barley flakes (Sweden) | 65 |
| 159 Bran Buds (Kellogg's Inc, Canada)15 | 58 |
| 160 Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc, Canada)15 | 47 |
| 161 Bran Chex (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Toronto, Canada)15 | 58 |
| 162 Bran Flakes (Kellogg's, Australia) | 74 |
| 163 Cheerios (General Mills Inc, Etobicoke, Canada)15 | 74 |
| 164 Chocapic (Nestlé, France) | 84 ± 9 |
| 165 Coco Pops (cocoa-flavored puffed rice) | |
| Coco Pops (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 ± 8 |
| Coco Pops (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 77 |
| 166 Corn Bran (Quaker Oats Co of Canada)15 | 75 |
| 167 Corn Chex (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 83 |
| 168 Cornflakes | |
| Cornflakes (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand) | 72 ± 16 |
| Cornflakes (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 |
| Cornflakes (Kellogg's Inc, Canada) | 80 ± 6 |
| Cornflakes (Kellogg's Inc, Canada) | 86 |
| Cornflakes (Kellogg's, USA)7 | 92 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 81 ± 3 |
| 169 Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice- Sunfresh Ltd, Toronto, Canada)15 | 74 |
| 170 Cornflakes, Crunchy Nut (Kellogg's, Australia) | 72 ± 4 |
| 171 Corn Pops (Kellogg's, Australia) | 80 ± 4 |
| 172 Cream of Wheat (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 66 |
| 173 Cream of Wheat, Instant (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 74 |
| 174 Crispix (Kellogg's Inc, Canada)15 | 87 |
| 175 Energy Mix (Quaker, France) | 80 ± 7 |
| 176 Froot Loops (Kellogg's, Australia) | 69 ± 9 |
| 177 Frosties, sugar-coated cornflakes (Kellogg's, Australia) | 55 |
| 178 Fruitful Lite (Hubbards, New Zealand) | 61 ± 20 |
| 179 Fruity-Bix, berry (Sanitarium, Auckland, New Zealand) | 113 ± 10 |
| 180 Golden Grahams (General Mills Inc, Canada)15 | 71 |
| 181 Golden Wheats (Kellogg's, Australia) | 71 ± 8 |
| 182 Grapenuts | |
| Grapenuts (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc, Toronto, Canada)15 | 67 |
| Grapenuts (Kraft Foods Inc, Port Chester, NY, USA) | 75 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 71 ± 4 |
| 183 Grapenuts Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc, Canada)15 | 80 |
| 184 Guardian (Kellogg's, Australia) | 37 ± 9 |
| 185 Healthwise for bowel health (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Australia) | 66 ± 9 |
| 186 Healthwise for heart health (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 48 ± 5 |
| 187 Honey Rice Bubbles (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 ± 4 |
| 188 Honey Smacks (Kellogg's, Australia) | 71 ± 10 |
| 189 Hot cereal, apple and cinnamon (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 37 ± 6 |
| 190 Hot cereal, unflavored (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 25 ± 5 |
| 191 Just Right (Kellogg's, Australia) | 60 ± 15 |
| 192 Just Right Just Grains (Kellogg's, Australia) | 62 ± 11 |
| 193 Komplete (Kellogg's, Australia) | 48 ± 5 |
| 194 Life (Quaker Oats Co, Canada)15 | 66 |
| 195 Mini Wheats, whole wheat (Kellogg's, Australia) | 58 ± 8 |
| 196 Mini Wheats, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia) | 72 ± 10 |
| Muesli | ? |
| 197 Muesli, NS (Canada) | 66 ± 9 |
| 198 Alpen Muesli (Wheetabix, France) | 55 ± 10 |
| 199 Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia) with 1.5%-fat milk | 39 ± 6 |
| 200 Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand) | 54 ± 12 |
| 201 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand) | 57 ± 9 |
| 202 Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia) | 40 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 49 ± 9 |
| 203 Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd, Toronto, Canada)15 | 60 |
| 204 Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 56 ± 8 |
| 205 Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, Australia) | 43 ± 4 |
| 206 Nutrigrain (Kellogg's, Australia) | 66 ± 12 |
| 207 Oat ?n Honey Bake (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 ± 11 |
| 208 Oat bran | |
| Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co, Canada)15 | 50 |
| Oat bran, raw | 59 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 5 |
| 209 Porridge made from rolled oats | |
| Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia)13 | 42 |
| Porridge (Canada)16 | 49 ± 8 |
| Traditional porridge oats (Lowan Whole Foods, Box Hill, Australia) | 51 ± 8 |
| Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand) | 58 ± 9 |
| Porridge (Australia) | 58 ± 4 |
| Porridge (Canada) | 62 |
| Porridge (Canada) | 69 |
| Porridge (USA)6 | 75 |
| Mean of 8 studies | 58 ± 4 |
| 210 Whole-meal oat-flour porridge (flour:water, 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden) | 74 |
| 211 Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) | 55 |
| 212 Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) | 69 |
| 213 Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) | 50 |
| 214 Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin (0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) | 80 |
| 215 Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden) | 53 |
| 216 Instant porridge | |
| Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co, Canada) | 65 |
| One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co, Canada)15 | 66 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 66 ± 1 |
| 217 Pop Tarts, double chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia) | 70 ± 2 |
| 218 Pro Stars (General Mills Inc, Canada)15 | 71 |
| 219 Puffed wheat | |
| Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co, Canada)15 | 67 |
| Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Sydney, Australia) | 80 ± 11 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 74 ± 7 |
| 220 Raisin Bran (Kellogg's, USA) | 61 ± 5 |
| 221 Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada) | 49 |
| 222 Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd, Leeton, Australia) | 19 ± 3 |
| 223 Rice Bubbles (puffed rice) | |
| Rice Bubbles (Kellogg's, Australia)13 | 81 |
| Rice Bubbles (Kellogg's, Australia) | 85 ± 3 |
| Rice Bubbles (Kellogg's, Australia) | 95 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 87 ± 4 |
| 224 Rice Chex (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 89 |
| 225 Rice Krispies (Kellogg's Inc, Canada)15 | 82 |
| 226 Shredded wheat | ? |
| Shredded Wheat (Canada) | 67 ± 10 |
| Shredded Wheat (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 83 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 75 ± 8 |
| Special K (formulation of this cereal varies in different countries) | |
| 227 Special K (Kellogg's, Australia) | 54 ± 4 |
| 228 Special K (Kellogg's, USA) | 69 ± 5 |
| 229 Special K (Kellogg's, France) | 84 ± 12 |
| 230 Soy Tasty (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit) (Sanitarium, Australia) | 60 ± 5 |
| 231 Soytana, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch with sultanas (20.1 g fiber/100 g) (Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, Australia) | 49 ± 3 |
| 232 Sultana Bran (Kellogg's, Australia) | 73 ± 13 |
| 233 Sustain (Kellogg's, Australia)13 | 68 |
| 234 Team (Nabisco Brands Ltd, Canada)15 | 82 |
| 235 Thank Goodness (Hubbards, New Zealand) | 65 ± 18 |
| 236 Total (General Mills Inc, Canada)15 | 76 |
| 237 Ultra-bran, Vogel's, soy and linseed al (30.2 g fiber/100 g) (Specialty Cereals, Australia) | 41 ± 4 |
| 238 Wheat-bites (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 72 ± 11 |
| 239 Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat) | |
| Vita-Brits (Uncle Toby's, Australia)13 | 61 |
| Vita-Brits (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 68 ± 6 |
| Weet-Bix (Sanitarium, Australia) | 69 |
| Weet-Bix (Sanitarium, Australia) | 69 ± 4 |
| Weetabix (Weetabix of Canada Ltd, Thornhill, Canada)15 | 74 |
| Weetabix (Weetabix of Canada Ltd) | 75 ± 10 |
| Whole-wheat Goldies (Kellogg's, Australia) | 70 ± 4 |
| Mean of 7 studies | 70 ± 2 |
| Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with additional ingredients | |
| 240 Good Start, muesli wheat biscuits (Sanitarium, Australia) | 68 ± 4 |
| 241 Hi-Bran Weet-Bix, wheat biscuits with extra wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia) | 61 ± 4 |
| 242 Hi-Bran Weet-Bix with soy and linseed (Sanitarium, Australia) | 57 ± 3 |
| 243 Honey Goldies (Kellogg's Australia) | 72 ± 3 |
| 244 Lite-Bix, plain, no added sugar (Sanitarium, Australia) | 70 ± 3 |
| 245 Oat bran Weet-Bix (Sanitarium, Australia) | 57 ± 4 |
| 246 Sultana Goldies (Kellogg's Australia) | 65 ± 6 |
| BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS | |
| 247 Crunchy Nut Cornflakes bar (Kellogg's, Australia) | 72 ± 6 |
| 248 Fibre Plus bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 78 ± 9 |
| 249 Fruity-Bix bar, fruit and nut, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit and nuts with yogurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia) | 56 ± 4 |
| 250 Fruity-Bix bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal with fruit and covered with yogurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia) | 51 ± 4 |
| 251 K-Time Just Right bar (Kellogg's, Australia) | 72 ± 4 |
| 252 K-Time Strawberry Crunch bar (Kellogg's, Australia) | 77 ± 5 |
| 253 Rice Bubble Treat bar (Kellogg's, Australia) | 63 ± 11 |
| 254 Sustain bar (Kellogg's, Australia) | 57 ± 10 |
| CEREAL GRAINS | |
| Amaranth | |
| 255 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped, eaten with milk and nonnutritive sweetener (India) | 97 ± 19 |
| Barley | |
| 256 Pearl barley | |
| Barley, pearled (Canada) | 22 |
| Barley (Canada) | 22 |
| Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min (Gouda's foods, Concord, Canada) | 25 ± 2 |
| Barley (Canada) | 27 |
| Barley, pearled (Canada) | 29 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 25 ± 1 |
| 257 Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) | |
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) | 37 |
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 43 ± 6 |
| 258 Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia) | 50 |
| 259 Barley, rolled (Australia) | 66 ± 5 |
| 260 Buckwheat | |
| Buckwheat (Canada) | 49 |
| Buckwheat (Canada) | 51 ± 10 |
| Buckwheat (Canada) | 63 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 54 ± 4 |
| 261 Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated, dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden) | 45 |
| Corn and maize | |
| 262 Maize (Zea mays), flour made into chapatti (India) | 59 |
| 263 Maize meal porridge, gruel (Kenya) | 109 |
| 264 Cornmeal | |
| Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min (McNair Products Co Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 68 |
| Cornmeal + margarine (McNair Products Co Ltd, Canada) | 69 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 69 ± 1 |
| 265 Sweet corn | |
| Sweet corn, honey and pearl variety (New Zealand) | 37 ± 12 |
| Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia) | 48 |
| Sweet corn (Canada) | 59 ± 11 |
| Sweet corn (USA) | 60 |
| Sweet corn (USA) | 60 |
| Sweet corn (South Africa) | 62 ± 5 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 53 ± 4 |
| 266 Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained, featherweight (USA) | 46 |
| 267 Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave | |
| (Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 47 |
| 268 Taco shells, cornmeal based, baked (Old El Paso Foods Co, Toronto, Canada) | 68 |
| Couscous | |
| 269 Couscous, boiled 5 min | |
| Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co, Leominster, MA, USA) | 61 |
| Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia) | 69 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 65 ± 4 |
| Millet | |
| 270 Millet, boiled (Canada) | 71 ± 10 |
| 271 Millet flour porridge (Kenya) | 107 |
| Rice, white | |
| 272 Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op, Leeton, Australia) | 69 ± 7 |
| 273 White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India) | 69 ± 15 |
| 274 Rice, boiled white, type NS | |
| Type NS, eaten alone (France) | 45 |
| Type NS (India) | 48 |
| Type NS (Canada) | 51 |
| Type NS (France) | 52 |
| Type NS (Canada) | 56 |
| Type NS (Pakistan) | 69 |
| Type NS (Canada) | 72 ± 9 |
| Type NS, boiled in salted water (India) | 72 |
| Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy) | 102 |
| Type NS (Kenya) | 112 |
| Type NS, boiled (France) | 43 |
| Type NS, boiled (France) | 47 |
| Mean of 12 studies | 64 ± 7 |
| 275 Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16?20 h, reheated (India) | 53 |
| 276 Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy) | 104 |
| 277 Long grain, boiled | |
| Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) | 41 |
| Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min (Mahatma brand- Riviana Foods, Wetherill Park, Australia) | 50 |
| Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc, Toronto, Canada) | 55 |
| Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland, New Zealand) | 56 ± 7 |
| Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam) | 56 ± 2 |
| Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc, Canada) | 57 |
| Long grain, boiled 15 min | 58 |
| Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc, Canada) | 60 |
| Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc, Canada) | 60 |
| Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand- Gouda foods, Concord, Canada) | 64 ± 3 |
| Mean of 10 studies | 56 ± 2 |
| Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties | |
| 278 Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's- Masterfoods, Belgium) | 68 ± 6 |
| 279 Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time (Uncle Ben's- Masterfoods, Belgium) | 75 ± 7 |
| 280 Long grain, white, precooked, microwaved 2 min (Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's- King's Lynn, Norfolk, UK) | 52 ± 5 |
| Rice, specialty rices | |
| 281 Cajun Style (Uncle Ben's- Effem Foods Ltd, Bolton, Canada) | 51 |
| 282 Garden Style (Uncle Ben's- Effem Foods Ltd, Canada) | 55 |
| 283 Long Grain and Wild (Uncle Ben's- Effem Foods Ltd, Canada) | 54 |
| 284 Mexican Fast and Fancy (Uncle Ben's- Effem Foods Ltd, Canada) | 58 |
| 285 Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada) | 57 |
| 286 Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand) | 86 ± 10 |
| 287 Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand) | 98 ± 7 |
| 288 Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand) | 109 ± 10 |
| Rice, white low-amylose | |
| 289 Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 83 ± 13 |
| 290 Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 87 ± 7 |
| 291 Waxy (0?2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 88 ± 11 |
| 292 Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 93 ± 11 |
| 293 White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey) | 139 |
| Rice, white high-amylose | |
| 294 Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 | |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose) | 37 |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long grain (27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min | 39 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 38 |
| 295 Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | |
| Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 50 ± 6 |
| Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 64 ± 9 |
| Doongara, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 54 ± 7 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 56 ± 4 |
| 296 Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain, boiled 15 min then steamed 10 min (Japan) | 48 ± 8 |
| 297 Basmati | |
| Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Sydney, Australia) | 58 ± 8 |
| Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in microwave (Uncle Ben's Express- Masterfoods. Kings Lynn, Norfolk, UK) | 57 ± 4 |
| Quick-cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min (Uncle Ben's Superior- Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) | 60 ± 5 |
| 298 Rice, brown | |
| Brown (Canada) | 66 ± 5 |
| Brown, steamed (USA)8 | 50 |
| Brown (Oryza sativa), boiled (South India)8 | 50 ± 19 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 55 ± 5 |
| Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 87 ± 8 |
| Doongara brown, high-amylose (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 66 ± 7 |
| Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 76 ± 6 |
| Parboiled, cooked 20 min (Uncle Ben's Natur-reis- Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) | 64 ± 7 |
| Sunbrown Quick (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 80 ± 7 |
| 299 Instant or puffed rice | |
| Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada) | 46 |
| Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (Trice brand- Australia) | 87 |
| Puffed, white, cooked 5 min (Uncle Ben's Snabbris- Masterfoods Olen, Belgium) | 74 ± 5 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 69 ± 12 |
| Instant doongara, white, cooked 5 min (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 94 ± 7 |
| 300 Parboiled rice | |
| Parboiled rice (Canada) | 48 |
| Parboiled rice (USA) | 72 |
| Converted, white (Uncle Ben's- Effem Foods Ltd, Canada) | 45 |
| Converted, white, boiled 20?30 min (Uncle Ben's- Masterfoods USA, Vernon, CA) | 38 |
| Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20?30 min (Uncle Ben's- Masterfoods USA) | 50 |
| Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)6 | 39 |
| Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) | 42 |
| Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) | 43 |
| Boiled, 12 min (Denmark) | 46 |
| Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada) | 38 |
| Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA)8 | 61 |
| Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada) | 47 |
| Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada) | 46 |
| Mean of 13 studies | 47 ± 3 |
| 301 Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional Indian meal (India)8 | 99 |
| 302 Parboiled, low-amylose | |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled (12% amylose) | 51 |
| Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 87 ± 7 |
| 303 Parboiled, high-amylose | |
| Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 50 ± 6 |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled (28% amylose) | 35 |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled (27% amylose) | 32 |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled (27% amylose) | 27 |
| Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled (27% amylose) | 33 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 35 ± 4 |
| 304 Rye, whole kernels | |
| Rye, whole kernels (Canada) | 29 |
| Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada) | 34 |
| Rye, whole kernels (Canada) | 39 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 34 ± 3 |
| Wheat | |
| 305 Wheat, whole kernels | |
| Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum) (India)11 | 30 ± 9 |
| Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) | 42 |
| Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi) 30 min in 2 L water (Canada) | 44 |
| Wheat, whole kernels (Canada) | 48 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 41 ± 3 |
| 306 Wheat, type NS (India) | 90 |
| 307 Wheat, precooked kernels | |
| Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min (Ebly, Chateaudun, France) | 52 ± 4 |
| Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France) | 50 ± 5 |
| Durum wheat, precooked in pouch, reheated in microwave (Ebly Express- Ebly, France) | 40 ± 5 |
| Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, Australia) | 54 ± 11 |
| 308 Semolina | |
| Semolina, roasted at 105 °C then gelatinized with water (India) | 55 ± 9 |
| Semolina, steamed and gelatinized (India) | 54 ± 13 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 1 |
| 309 Cracked wheat (bulgur or bourghul) | |
| Bulgur, boiled (Canada) | 46 |
| Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada) | 46 |
| Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) | 46 |
| Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada) | 53 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 48 ± 2 |
| COOKIES | |
| Arrowroot | |
| 310 Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods, Toronto, Canada) | 63 |
| 311 Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada) | 62 |
| 312 Milk Arrowroot (Arnotts, Sydney, Australia) | 69 ± 7 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 65 ± 2 |
| 313 Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France) | 71 ± 6 |
| 314 Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) | 57 ± 9 |
| 315 Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) | 51 ± 9 |
| 316 Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic) | 67 ± 11 |
| 317 Digestives | |
| Digestives (Canada) | 55 |
| Digestives (Canada) | 59 ± 7 |
| Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 62 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 59 ± 2 |
| 318 Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia Dietary Care Ltd, Redish, Stockport, UK) | 58 |
| 319 Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands) | 66 ± 12 |
| 320 Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) | 77 ± 25 |
| 321 Graham Wafers (Christie Brown and Co, Toronto, Canada) | 74 |
| 322 Gran?Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil) | 28 ± 5 |
| 323 Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France) | 55 ± 6 |
| 324 Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France) | 50 ± 5 |
| 325 Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands) | 62 ± 3 |
| 326 Highland Oatmeal (Westons biscuits, Sydney, Australia) | 55 ± 8 |
| 327 Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd, Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland) | 57 |
| 328 LU P?tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France) | 42 ± 5 |
| 329 LU P?tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France) | 45 ± 5 |
| LU P?tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat Chocolat (LU, France) | 52 ± 3 |
| LU P?tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat (LU, France) | 49 ± 8 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 49 ± 2 |
| 330 Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd, New Zealand) | 50 ± 10 |
| 331 Morning Coffee (Arnotts, Australia) | 79 ± 6 |
| 332 Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France) | 57 ± 4 |
| 333 Oatmeal (Canada) | 54 ± 4 |
| 334 Oro (Saiwa, Italy) | |
| Oro (Saiwa, Italy) | 61 ± 9 |
| Oro (Saiwa, Italy) | 67 ± 17 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 64 ± 3 |
| 335 Petit LU Normand (LU, France) | 51 ± 3 |
| 336 Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France) | 48 ± 4 |
| 337 Prince Energie+ (LU, France) | 73 ± 5 |
| 338 Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France) | |
| Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France) | 53 ± 5 |
| Prince fourré chocolat (LU, France) | 50 ± 5 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 52 ± 2 |
| 339 Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain) | 49 ± 12 |
| 340 Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain) | 45 ± 6 |
| 341 Rich Tea (Canada) | 55 ± 4 |
| 342 Sablé des Flandres (LU, France) | 57 ± 10 |
| 343 Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia) | 64 ± 8 |
| 344 Shredded Wheatmeal (Arnotts, Australia) | 62 ± 4 |
| 345 Snack Right Fruit Slice (97% fat-free) (Arnott's, Australia) | 45 ± 3 |
| 346 Thé (LU, France) | 41 ± 7 |
| 347 Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown and Co, Canada) | 77 |
| 348 Véritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) | 51 ± 8 |
| fructo | |
| 349 Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd, Kitchener, Canada) | 67 |
| 350 Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free (Real Foods, St Peters, Australia) | 87 ± 10 |
| 351 Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil) | 65 ± 11 |
| 352 High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia) | 52 ± 8 |
| 353 Jatz, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia) | 55 ± 5 |
| 354 Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia) | 81 ± 9 |
| 355 Puffed rice cakes | |
| Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 82 ± 11 |
| Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 91 ± 7 |
| Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia) | 61 ± 5 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 78 ± 9 |
| 356 Rye crispbread | |
| Rye crispbread (Canada) | 63 |
| Ryvita (Canada) | 69 ± 10 |
| High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd, Poole, Dorset, UK) | 59 |
| Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd, UK) | 63 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 64 ± 2 |
| 357 Kavli Norwegian Crispbread (Players Biscuits, Sydney, Australia) | 71 ± 7 |
| 358 Sao, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia) | 70 ± 9 |
| 359 Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown and Co, Canada) | 67 |
| 360 Water cracker | |
| Water cracker (Canada) | 63 ± 9 |
| Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia) | 78 ± 11 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 71 ± 8 |
| 361 Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown and Co, Canada) | 74 |
| 362 Vita-wheat, original, crispbread (Arnott's Australia) | 55 ± 4 |
| DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES | |
| Custard | |
| 363 No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder with whole milk (Nestlé, Australia) | 35 ± 2 |
| 364 Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch, and sugar (Australia) | 43 ± 10 |
| 365 TRIM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd, South Brisbane, Australia) | 37 ± 4 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 38 ± 2 |
| 366 Ice cream, regular, NS | |
| Ice cream, NS (Canada) | 36 ± 8 |
| Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy) | 57 |
| Ice cream, NS (USA) | 62 |
| Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA) | 68 ± 15 |
| Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy) | 80 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 61 ± 7 |
| 367 Ice cream, reduced- or low-fat | |
| Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla (Light- Peter's, Sydney, Australia) | 50 ± 8 |
| Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2% fat) (Prestige | |
| Light rich vanilla- Norco, Lismore, Australia)6 | 47 ± 5 |
| Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat) (Prestige | |
| Light traditional toffee- Norco, Australia)6 | 37 ± 4 |
| Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1% fat) | |
| (Prestige golden macadamia- Norco, Australia)6 | 39 ± 3 |
| 368 Ice cream, premium (high-fat) | |
| Ice cream, premium, ultra chocolate, 15% fat (Sara Lee, Gosford, Australia) | 37 ± 3 |
| Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat (Sara Lee, Australia) | 38 ± 3 |
| 369 Milk, full-fat | |
| Full-fat (Italy) | 11 |
| Full-fat (3% fat- Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden) | 21 |
| Full-fat (Italy) | 24 |
| Full-fat cow milk, fresh (Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 31 ± 2 |
| Full-fat (Canada) | 34 ± 6 |
| Full-fat (USA) | 40 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 27 ± 4 |
| 370 Fermented cow milk (ropy milk, långfil, 3% fat) (Arla, Gävle, Sweden)6 | 11 |
| 371 Fermented cow milk (filmjölk, 3% fat) (Skånemejerier, Malmö, Sweden)6 | 11 |
| Mean of 2 foods | 11 |
| 372 Milk, full-fat, plus bran | |
| Full-fat + 20 g wheat bran (Italy) | 25 |
| Full-fat + 20 g wheat bran (Italy) | 28 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 27 ± 2 |
| 373 Milk, skim (Canada) | 32 ± 5 |
| 374 Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Australia) | 61 ± 6 |
| 375 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame (Lite White- Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 24 ± 6 |
| 376 Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar (Lite White- Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 34 ± 4 |
| 377 Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from commerical mousse mix with water | |
| Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 36 ± 4 |
| Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 31 ± 4 |
| Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 36 ± 4 |
| Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 33 ± 5 |
| Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 36 ± 5 |
| Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia) | 32 ± 3 |
| Mean of 6 foods | 34 ± 1 |
| 378 Pudding | |
| Instant, chocolate, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Australia) | 47 ± 4 |
| Instant, vanilla, made from powder and whole milk (White Wings, Australia) | 40 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 foods | 44 ± 4 |
| 379 Yogurt | |
| Yogurt, NS (Canada) | 36 ± 4 |
| 380 Low-fat yogurt | |
| Low-fat, fruit, aspartame (Ski- Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 14 ± 4 |
| Low-fat, fruit, sugar (Ski- Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 33 ± 7 |
| Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'lite- Dairy Farmers, Australia) | 31 ± 14 |
| 381 Nonfat yogurt, sweetened with acesulfame K and Splenda | |
| Diet Vaalia, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 23 ± 2 |
| Diet Vaalia, mango (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 23 ± 2 |
| Diet Vaalia, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 25 ± 3 |
| Diet Vaalia, strawberry (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 23 ± 2 |
| Diet Vaalia, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 23 ± 2 |
| Mean of 5 foods | 24 ± 1 |
| 382 Reduced-fat yogurt | |
| Reduced-fat, Vaalia, apricot and mango (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 26 ± 4 |
| Reduced-fat, Vaalia, french vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 26 ± 4 |
| Reduced-fat, strawberry (Extra-Lite- Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 28 ± 4 |
| Mean of 3 foods | 27 ± 1 |
| 383 Yogurt drink, reduced-fat, Vaalia, tropical passion fruit (Pauls Ltd, Australia)6 | 38 ± 4 |
| Soy-based dairy product alternatives | |
| 384 Soy milks (containing maltodextrin) | |
| Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 0 mg Cal, Original (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 44 ± 5 |
| Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg Cal, Calciforte (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 36 ± 4 |
| Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg Cal, Light (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 44 ± 3 |
| 385 Soy milk drinks | |
| Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 30 ± 3 |
| Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 34 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 drinks | 32 ± 2 |
| Up and Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)6 | 43 ± 5 |
| Up and Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)6 | 46 ± 5 |
| Mean of 2 drinks | 45 ± 2 |
| Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and legume extract drink with fructose) (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 39 ± 2 |
| 386 Soy yogurt | |
| Soy yogurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar (So Natural Foods, Australia)6 | 50 ± 3 |
| 387 Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with high fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA) | 115 ± 14 |
| FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS | |
| 388 Apples, raw | |
| Apple, NS (Denmark) | 28 |
| Apple, braeburn (New Zealand)6 | 32 ± 4 |
| Apple, NS (Canada) | 34 |
| Apple, golden delicious (Canada) | 39 ± 3 |
| Apple, NS (USA) | 40 |
| Apple, NS (Italy) | 44 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 38 ± 2 |
| 389 Apple juice | |
| Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted (Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, Australia) | 39 ± 5 |
| Apple juice, unsweetened (USA) | 40 |
| Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada) | 41 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 40 ± 1 |
| 390 Apple, dried (Australia) | 29 ± 5 |
| Apricots | |
| 391 Apricots, raw, NS (Italy) | 57 |
| 392 Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada) | 64 |
| 393 Apricots, dried | |
| Apricots, dried (Australia) | 30 ± 7 |
| Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada) | 32 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 31 ± 1 |
| 394 Apricot fruit bar, puréed dried apricot filling in whole-meal pastry (Mother Earth, Auckland, New Zealand) | 50 ± 8 |
| 395 Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams, Para Hills, Australia) | 55 ± 7 |
| 396 Apricot Fruity Bitz, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack (Blackmores Ltd, Balgowlah, Australia) | 42 ± 3 |
| 397 Banana, raw | |
| Banana (Canada) | 46 |
| Banana (Italy) | 58 |
| Banana (Canada) | 58 |
| Banana (Canada) | 62 ± 9 |
| Banana (South Africa) | 70 ± 5 |
| Banana, ripe, all yellow (USA) | 51 |
| Banana, underripe (Denmark) | 30 |
| Banana, slightly underripe, yellow with green sections (USA) | 42 |
| Banana, overripe, yellow flecked with brown (USA) | 48 |
| Banana, overripe (Denmark) | 52 |
| Mean of 10 studies | 52 ± 4 |
| 398 Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz Kidz (H J Heinz, Malvern, Australia) | 61 ± 11 |
| 399 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), raw (Australia)6 | 68 |
| 400 Cherries, raw, NS (Canada) | 22 |
| 401 Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines)6 | 40 |
| 402 Cranberry juice | |
| Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray, Australia) | 52 ± 3 |
| Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray Inc, USA) | 68 ± 3 |
| Cranberry juice drink (Ocean Spray- Gerber Ltd, Bridgewater, Somerset, UK) | 56 ± 4 |
| 403 Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia) | 54 ± 2 |
| 404 Dates, dried (Australia) | 103 ± 21 |
| 405 Figs, dried, tenderized, Dessert Maid brand (Ernest Hall and Sons, Sydney, Australia) | 61 ± 6 |
| 406 Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian Canners Ltd, Hamilton, Canada) | 55 |
| 407 Grapefruit, raw (Canada) | 25 |
| 408 Grapefruit juice, unsweetened (Sunpac, Toronto, Canada) | 48 |
| 409 Grapes, raw | |
| Grapes, NS (Canada) | 43 |
| Grapes, NS (Italy) | 49 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 46 ± 3 |
| Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia) | 59 |
| 410 Kiwi fruit, raw | |
| Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand)6 | 47 ± 4 |
| Kiwi fruit (Australia)6 | 58 ± 7 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 53 ± 6 |
| 411 Lychee, canned in syrup and drained, Narcissus brand (China) | 79 ± 8 |
| 412 Mango, raw | |
| Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines)6 | 41 |
| Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia)6 | 51 ± 3 |
| Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India)11 | 60 ± 16 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 51 ± 5 |
| 413 Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert (Frutia- Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Australia) | 42 ± 3 |
| 414 Marmalade, orange (Australia) | 48 ± 9 |
| 415 Oranges, raw | |
| Oranges, NS (Denmark) | 31 |
| Oranges, NS (South Africa) | 33 ± 6 |
| Oranges, NS (Canada) | 40 ± 3 |
| Oranges, NS (Italy) | 48 |
| Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA) | 48 |
| Oranges NS (Canada) | 51 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 42 ± 3 |
| 416 Orange juice | |
| Orange Juice (Canada) | 46 ± 6 |
| Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate, Quelch brand (Berri Ltd, Australia) | 53 ± 6 |
| Orange juice, reconstituted from frozen concentrate (USA) | 57 ± 6 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 52 ± 3 |
| 417 Paw paw and papaya, raw | |
| Paw paw (Carica papaya) (Australia)6 | 56 ± 6 |
| Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India)11 | 60 ± 16 |
| Papaya (Carica papaya) (Philippines)6 | 60 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 59 ± 1 |
| Peaches | |
| 418 Peach, raw | |
| Peach, raw (Canada) | 28 |
| Peach, raw (Italy) | 56 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 42 ± 14 |
| 419 Peach, canned in natural juice | |
| Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Australia) | 30 ± 4 |
| Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, Shepparton, Australia) | 45 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 38 ± 8 |
| 420 Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods, Hawthorn East, Australia) | 58 ± 11 |
| 421 Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte, Canadian Canners Ltd) | 52 |
| 422 Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup (SPC Lite- SPC Ltd, Australia) | 62 ± 9 |
| Pears | |
| 423 Pear, raw, NS (Canada) | 33 |
| 424 Pear, winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand)6 | 34 ± 4 |
| 425 Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada) | 41 |
| 426 Pear, raw, NS (Italy) | 42 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 38 ± 2 |
| 427 Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup (SPC Lite- SPC Ltd, Australia) | 25 ± 6 |
| 428 Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, Australia) | 43 ± 15 |
| 429 Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte Canadian Canners Ltd) | 44 |
| Pineapple | |
| 430 Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw | |
| Pineapple, raw (Australia)6 | 66 ± 7 |
| Pineapple, raw (Philippines)6 | 51 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 59 ± 8 |
| 431 Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged Foods, Toronto, Canada) | 46 |
| Plums | |
| 432 Plum, raw, NS | |
| Plum, raw, NS (Canada) | 24 |
| Plum, raw, NS (Italy) | 53 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 39 ± 15 |
| 433 Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc, Yuba City, CA, USA) | 29 ± 4 |
| 434 Raisins (Canada) | 64 ± 11 |
| 435 Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)6 | 65 ± 9 |
| 436 Strawberries, fresh, raw (Australia)6 | 40 ± 7 |
| 437 Strawberry jam | 51 ± 10 |
| 438 Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 90 ± 12 |
| 439 Sultanas | 56 ± 11 |
| 440 Tomato juice, no added sugar (Berri Ltd, Australia) | 38 ± 4 |
| 441 Tropical Fruity Bitz, vitamin and mineral enriched dried fruit snack (Blackmores Ltd, Australia) | 41 ± 3 |
| 442 Vitari, wild berry, nondairy, frozen fruit dessert (Nestlé, Australia) | 59 ± 8 |
| 443 Watermelon, raw (Australia)6 | 72 ± 13 |
| 444 Wild Berry Fruity Bitz, vitamin- and | |
| mineral-enriched dried fruit snack (Blackmores Ltd, Australia) | 35 ± 4 |
| INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS | |
| 445 Formula | |
| Infasoy, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals, Baulkham Hills, Australia)6 | 55 ± 6 |
| Karicare gold starter formula with omega | |
| plus LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand)6 | 35 ± 5 |
| Nan-1 infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Sydney, Australia)6 | 30 ± 6 |
| S-26 infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia)6 | 36 ± 6 |
| Weaning foods | |
| 446 Farex baby rice (Heinz Wattie's Ltd, | |
| Malvern, Australia)6 | 95 ± 13 |
| 447 Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months (Nutricia, Wells, UK) | |
| Apple, apricot and banana cereal6 | 56 ± 8 |
| Creamed porridge6 | 59 ± 8 |
| Rice pudding6 | 59 ± 6 |
| 448 Heinz for Baby from 4 months (Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia) | |
| Chicken and noodles with vegetables (strained)6 | 67 ± 11 |
| Sweetcorn and rice6 | 65 ± 13 |
| LEGUMES AND NUTS | |
| 449 Baked beans | |
| Baked beans, canned (Canada) | 40 ± 3 |
| Baked beans, canned haricot and navy beans in tomato sauce (Libby, McNeill and Libby, Chatham, Canada) | 56 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 48 ± 8 |
| 450 Beans, dried, boiled | |
| Beans, dried, type NS (Italy) | 36 |
| Beans, dried, type NS (Italy) | 20 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 29 ± 9 |
| 451 Black-eyed beans and peas (Cowpeas), boiled | |
| Black-eyed beans (Canada) | 50 |
| Black-eyed beans (Canada) | 33 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 42 ± 9 |
| 452 Butter beans | |
| Butter beans (South Africa) | 28 ± 7 |
| Butter beans, dried, cooked 1.25 h (South Africa) | 29 ± 8 |
| Butter beans (Canada) | 36 ± 4 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 31 ± 3 |
| Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5 g sucrose (South Africa) | 30 ± 2 |
| Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10 g sucrose (South Africa) | 31 ± 2 |
| Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15 g sucrose (South Africa) | 54 ± 4 |
| 453 Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled | |
| Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked, boiled 35 min (Philippines) | 10 |
| Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada) | 31 |
| Chickpeas (Canada) | 33 |
| Chickpeas (Canada) | 36 ± 5 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 28 ± 6 |
| 454 Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 42 |
| 455 Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd, Scarborough, Canada) | 41 |
| 456 Haricot and navy beans | |
| Haricot and navy beans, pressure cooked (15 psi) 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada) | 29 |
| Haricot and navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada) | 30 |
| Haricot and navy beans, boiled (Canada) | 31 ± 6 |
| Haricot and navy beans (King Grains, Canada) | 39 |
| Haricot and navy beans, pressure cooked (15 psi) 25 min (King Grains, Canada) | 59 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 38 ± 6 |
| 457 Kidney beans | |
| Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines) | 13 |
| Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India) | 19 |
| Kidney beans (USA)8 | 23 |
| Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France) | 23 ± 1 |
| Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), red, soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden) | 25 |
| Kidney beans (Canada) | 29 ± 8 |
| Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada) | 42 |
| Kidney beans (Canada) | 46 |
| Mean of 8 studies | 28 ± 4 |
| 458 Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), autoclaved | 34 |
| 459 Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 52 |
| 460 Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h (India)11 | 70 ± 11 |
| 461 Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines) | 20 |
| 462 Lentils, type NS | |
| Lentils, type NS (USA) | 28 |
| Lentils, type NS (Canada) | 29 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 29 ± 1 |
| 463 Lentils, green | |
| Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada) | 22 |
| Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France) | 30 ± 15 |
| Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia) | 37 ± 3 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 30 ± 4 |
| 464 Lentils, green, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 52 |
| 465 Lentils, red | |
| Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) | 18 |
| Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) | 21 |
| Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) | 31 |
| Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada) | 32 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 26 ± 4 |
| 466 Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada) | 32 |
| 467 Marrowfat peas | |
| Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA) | 31 |
| Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada) | 47 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 39 ± 8 |
| 468 Mung beans | |
| Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb.), soaked, boiled 20 min (Philippines) | 31 |
| Mung bean, fried (Australia) | 53 ± 8 |
| Mung bean, germinated (Australia) | 25 ± 4 |
| Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia) | 42 ± 5 |
| 469 Peas, dried, boiled (Australia) | 22 |
| 470 Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn Huth.), soaked, boiled 45 min (Philippines) | 22 |
| 471 Pinto beans | |
| Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada) | 39 |
| Pinto beans, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 45 |
| 472 Romano beans (Canada) | 46 |
| 473 Soya beans | |
| Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada) | 15 ± 5 |
| Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia) | 20 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 18 ± 3 |
| Soya beans, canned (Canada) | 14 ± 2 |
| 474 Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min (Nupack, Mississauga, Canada) | 32 |
| MEAL-REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS | |
| 475 Hazelnut and apricot bar (Dietworks, South Yarra, Australia) | 42 ± 7 |
| 476 L.E.A.N products (Usana Inc, Salt Lake City, UT, US) | |
| L.E.A.N Fibergy bar, harvest oat | 45 ± 4 |
| Nutrimeal, drink powder, dutch chocolate | 26 ± 3 |
| L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar, peanut crunch | 30 ± 4 |
| L.E.A.N (Life long) Nutribar, chocolate crunch | 32 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 Nutribars | 31 ± 1 |
| Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate products (Worldwide Sport Nutritional Supplements Inc, Largo, FL, US) | |
| 477 Designer chocolate, sugar-free6 | 14 ± 3 |
| 478 Burn-it bars | |
| Chocolate deluxe6 | 29 ± 3 |
| Peanut butter6 | 23 ± 3 |
| 479 Pure-protein bars | |
| Chewy choc-chip6 | 30 ± 4 |
| Chocolate deluxe6 | 38 ± 4 |
| Peanut butter6 | 22 ± 4 |
| Strawberry shortcake6 | 43 ± 4 |
| White chocolate mousse6 | 40 ± 4 |
| 480 Pure-protein cookies | |
| Choc-chip cookie dough6 | 25 ± 3 |
| Coconut6 | 42 ± 5 |
| Peanut butter6 | 37 ± 7 |
| 481 Ultra pure-protein shakes | |
| Cappuccino6 | 47 ± 6 |
| Frosty chocolate6 | 37 ± 6 |
| Strawberry shortcake6 | 42 ± 4 |
| Vanilla ice cream6 | 32 ± 5 |
| MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS | |
| 482 Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in microwave oven 5 min (Savings, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia) | 46 ± 4 |
| 483 Fish fingers (Canada) | 38 ± 6 |
| 484 Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, homemade (Australia) | 40 ± 5 |
| 485 Kugel (Polish dish containing eggnoodles, sugar, cheese, and raisins) (Israel) | 65 ± 6 |
| 486 Lean Cuisine, French style chicken with rice, reheated (Nestlé, Australia)6 | 36 ± 6 |
| 487 Pies, beef, party size (Farmland Grocery Holdings, Australia) | 45 ± 6 |
| 488 Pizza | |
| Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 60 |
| Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan cheese and tomato sauce (Italy) | 80 |
| Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat) (Pizza Hut, Sydney, Australia) | 36 ± 6 |
| Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2% fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia) | 30 ± 4 |
| Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8% fat) (Pizza Hut, Australia)6 | 49 ± 6 |
| 489 Sausages, NS (Canada) | 28 ± 6 |
| 490 Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed potato, homemade (Australia) | 66 ± 12 |
| 491 Spaghetti bolognaise, homemade (Australia) | 52 ± 9 |
| 492 Stir-fried vegetables with chicken and boiled white rice, homemade (Australia) | 73 ± 17 |
| 493 Sushi | |
| Sushi, salmon (I Love Sushi, Sydney, Australia)6 | 48 ± 8 |
| Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan) | 55 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 52 ± 4 |
| 494 White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese, and butter (France) | 27 |
| White boiled rice, grilled beefburger, cheese, and butter (France) | 22 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 25 ± 2 |
| White bread with toppings | |
| 495 White-wheat-flour bread, butter, cheese, regular cow milk, and fresh cucumber (Sweden)6 | 55 |
| 496 White-wheat-flour bread, butter, yogurt, and pickled cucumber (Sweden)6 | 39 |
| 497 White bread with butter (Canada) | 59 |
| 498 White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada) | 55 |
| 499 White bread with butter and skim milk cheese (Canada) | 62 |
| 500 White and whole-meal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada) | 51 |
| White and whole-meal wheat bread with peanut butter (Canada) | 67 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 59 ± 8 |
| NUTRITIONAL-SUPPORT PRODUCTS | |
| 501 Choicedm, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals, Evansville, IN, US) | 23 ± 4 |
| 502 Enercal Plus, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst International Inc, Madison, NJ, US) | 61 ± 13 |
| 503 Ensure (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell, Australia) | 50 ± 8 |
| 504 Ensure, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) | 48 ± 3 |
| 505 Ensure bar, chocolate fudge brownie (Abbott Australasia) | 43 ± 3 |
| 506 Ensure Plus, vanilla (Abbott Australasia) | 40 ± 4 |
| 507 Ensure Pudding, old-fashioned vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc, Ashland, OH, USA) | 36 ± 4 |
| 508 Glucerna, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc, USA)6 | 31 ± 2 |
| 509 Jevity (Abbott Australasia) | 48 ± 3 |
| 510 Resource Diabetic, French vanilla (Novartis Nutrition Corp, Young America, MN, USA)6 | 34 ± 3 |
| 511 Resource Diabetic, Swiss chocolate (Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand) | 16 ± 4 |
| 512 Resource thickened orange juice, honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand) | 47 ± 9 |
| 513 Resource thickened orange juice, nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand) | 54 ± 7 |
| 514 Resource fruit beverage, peach flavor (Novartis, New Zealand) | 40 ± 8 |
| 515 Sustagen, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson, Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, Australia) | 31 ± 4 |
| 516 Sustagen Hospital with extra fiber, drink made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia) | 33 ± 4 |
| 517 Sustagen Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia) | 27 ± 3 |
| 518 Ultracal with fiber (Mead Johnson, USA) | 40 |
| PASTA AND NOODLES | |
| 519 Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 45 |
| 520 Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Australia) | 78 ± 10 |
| 521 Fettucine, egg | |
| Fettucine, egg | 32 ± 4 |
| Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods, Rowville, Australia) | 47 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 40 ± 8 |
| 522 Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK) | 54 |
| 523 Gnocchi, NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd, Mt Waverley, Australia) | 68 ± 9 |
| 524 Instant noodles | |
| Instant two-minute noodles, Maggi (Nestlé, Australia) | 46 ± 5 |
| Instant two-minute noodles, Maggi (Nestlé, New Zealand) | 48 ± 8 |
| Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada) | 47 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 47 ± 1 |
| 525 Linguine | |
| Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden) | 43 |
| Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% (by wt) monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 46 ± 3 |
| Thin, durum wheat (Sweden) | 49 |
| Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% (by wt) monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden) | 61 |
| Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% (by wt) egg, (Sweden) | 45 |
| Thin, fresh, with 0.6% (by wt) monoglycerides and 30% (by wt) egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden) | 53 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 52 ± 3 |
| 526 Mung bean noodles | |
| Lungkow bean-thread noodles (National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs, Qingdao and Guangdong, China) | 26 |
| Mung bean noodles (Longkou bean thread), dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China) | 39 ± 9 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 33 ± 7 |
| 527 Macaroni | |
| Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 45 |
| Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 47 ± 2 |
| Macaroni and cheese, boxed (Kraft General Foods Canada Inc, Don Mills, Canada) | 64 |
| 528 Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat-filled, boiled (Australia) | 39 ± 1 |
| 529 Rice noodles and pasta | |
| Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand) | 61 ± 6 |
| Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled (Australia) | 40 ± 4 |
| Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min (Rice Grower's Co-op, Australia) | 92 ± 8 |
| Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris?O'Mais (Orgran Foods, Australia) | 76 ± 6 |
| Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs, China) | 58 |
| Spaghetti | |
| 530 Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea, canned in tomato sauce (Orgran Foods, Australia) | 68 ± 9 |
| 531 Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min (Catelli Plus- Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada) | 27 |
| 532 Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min | |
| Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 32 |
| Boiled 5 min (Canada) | 34 |
| Boiled 5 min (Canada) | 40 |
| Boiled 5 min (Middle East) | 44 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 38 ± 3 |
| 533 Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10?15 min | |
| White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salty water (Barilla, Parma, Italy)12 | 58 |
| White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min (Starhushålls- Kungsörnen AB, Järna, Sweden) | 47 |
| White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% (by wt) monoglycerides, boiled 12 min (Sweden) | 53 |
| Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 32 |
| Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 36 |
| Boiled 15 min (Canada) | 41 |
| White, boiled 15 min in salted water (Unico, Concord, Canada) | 44 ± 3 |
| Mean of 7 studies | 44 ± 3 |
| 534 Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min | |
| White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia) | 58 ± 7 |
| Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA) | 64 ± 15 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 61 ± 3 |
| 535 Spaghetti, white, boiled | |
| White (Denmark) | 33 |
| White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal Canada) | 34 |
| White (Australia) | 38 |
| White (Canada) | 42 |
| White (Canada) | 48 |
| White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, Australia) | 49 ± 7 |
| White (Canada) | 50 ± 8 |
| Mean of 7 studies | 42 ± 3 |
| 536 Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina (Panzani, Marseilles, France) | |
| Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min | 59 ± 15 |
| Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min | 65 ± 15 |
| Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min | 46 ± 10 |
| Mean of 3 cooking times | 57 ± 6 |
| 537 Spaghetti, whole meal, boiled | |
| Whole meal (USA) | 32 |
| Whole meal (Canada) | 42 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 37 ± 5 |
| 538 Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al denté texture (Australia) | 43 ± 10 |
| 539 Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free (Orgran Foods, Australia) | 29 ± 6 |
| 540 Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd, Canada) | 38 |
| 541 Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer- Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada) | 50 |
| 542 Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, Australia)6 | 62 ± 8 |
| 543 Vermicelli, white, boiled (Australia) | 35 ± 7 |
| SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY | |
| 544 Burger Rings, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack Food Co, Chatswood, Australia) | 90 ± 16 |
| 545 Chocolate, milk, plain | |
| Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium)6 | 34 ± 5 |
| Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery, Ringwood, Australia) | 49 ± 6 |
| Chocolate, milk (Dove- Mars Confectionery, Ballarat, Australia) | 45 ± 8 |
| Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, Australia) | 42 ± 8 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 43 ± 3 |
| Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar with maltitol (Belgium)6 | 35 ± 16 |
| 546 Chocolate, white (Milky Bar- Nestlé, Australia) | 44 ± 6 |
| 547 Corn chips | |
| Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos original- Smith's Snack Food Co, Australia, 1998) | 42 ± 4 |
| Corn chips, plain, salted (Doritos original- Smith's Snack Food Co, Australia, 1985) | 72 |
| Nachips (Old El Paso Foods Co, Canada) | 74 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 63 ± 10 |
| 548 Fruit bars | |
| Apricot filled fruit bar (puréed dried apricot filling in whole-meal pastry) (Mother Earth, New Zealand) | 50 ± 8 |
| Heinz Kidz Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Australia) | 61 ± 11 |
| Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Wahgunyah, Australia) | 90 ± 12 |
| Roll-Ups, fruit leather-type snack (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 99 ± 12 |
| 549 Fruity Bitz, vitamin- and mineral-enriched dried fruit snacks | |
| Fruity Bitz, apricot (Blackmores Ltd, Australia) | 42 ± 3 |
| Fruity Bitz, berry (Blackmores Ltd, Australia) | 35 ± 4 |
| Fruity Bitz, tropical (Blackmores Ltd, Australia) | 41 ± 3 |
| Mean of 3 flavors | 39 ± 2 |
| 550 Jelly beans | |
| Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's- Nestlé, Australia) | 80 ± 8 |
| Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia) | 76 ± 6 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 78 ± 2 |
| 551 Kudos Whole-Grain Bars, chocolate chip (M & M/Mars, Hackettstown, NJ, USA) | 62 ± 8 |
| 552 Life Savers, peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia) | 70 ± 6 |
| 553 M & M's, peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia) | 33 ± 3 |
| 554 Mars Bar | |
| Mars Bar (Mars Confectionery, Australia) | 62 ± 8 |
| Mars Bar (M & M/Mars, USA) | 68 ± 12 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 65 ± 3 |
| 555 Muesli bar containing dried fruit (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 61 ± 7 |
| 556 Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain) | 32 |
| 557 Nutella, chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero Australia, Milson's Point, Australia) | 33 ± 4 |
| Nuts | |
| 558 Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)6 | 22 ± 5 |
| 559 Peanuts | |
| Peanuts, crushed (South Africa)6 | 7 ± 4 |
| Peanuts (Canada)6 | 13 ± 6 |
| Peanuts (Mexico)6 | 23 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 14 ± 8 |
| 560 Popcorn | |
| Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Green's Foods, Australia) | 55 ± 7 |
| Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven (Uncle Toby's, Australia) | 89 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 72 ± 17 |
| 561 Pop Tarts, double chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia) | 70 ± 2 |
| 562 Potato crisps | |
| Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Homebush, Australia) | 57 |
| Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada) | 51 ± 7 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 54 ± 3 |
| 563 Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co, Australia) | 83 ± 9 |
| 564 Skittles (Mars Confectionery, Australia) | 70 ± 5 |
| 565 Snack bars | |
| Snack bar, apple cinnamon (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 40 ± 8 |
| Snack bar, peanut butter and choc-chip (Con Agra Inc, USA) | 37 ± 6 |
| 566 Snickers Bar | |
| Snickers Bar (Mars Confectionery, Australia) | 41 ± 5 |
| Snickers Bar (M & M/Mars, USA) | 68 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 14 |
| 567 Twisties, cheese-flavored, extruded snack, rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co, Australia) | 74 ± 5 |
| 568 Twix Cookie Bar, caramel (M & M/Mars, USA) | 44 ± 6 |
| SPORTS BARS | |
| 569 Power Bar (Powerfood Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA) | |
| Power Bar, chocolate | 58 ± 5 |
| Power Bar, chocolate | 53 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 56 ± 3 |
| 570 Ironman PR bar, chocolate (PR Nutrition, San Diego, CA, USA) | 39 |
| SOUPS | |
| 571 Black bean (Wil-Pack Foods, San Pedro, CA, USA) | 64 |
| 572 Green pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 66 |
| 573 Lentil, canned (Unico, Canada) | 44 |
| 574 Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, Australia)6 | 39 ± 3 |
| 575 Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup with stock and noodles) | 1 |
| 576 Split pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA) | 60 |
| 577 Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with wheat flour, yogurt, tomato, and peppers) | 20 |
| 578 Tomato soup (Canada) | 38 ± 9 |
| SUGARS AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS | |
| 579 Blue agave cactus nectar, high-fructose | |
| Organic agave cactus nectar, light, 90% fructose (Western Commerce Corp, City of Industry, CA, USA)6 | 11 ± 1 |
| Organic agave cactus nectar, light, 97% fructose (Western Commerce Corp, USA)6 | 10 ± 1 |
| 580 Fructose | |
| 25-g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc, Toronto, Canada)6 | 11 |
| 50-g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc, Canada) | 12 |
| 50-g portion | 20 ± 5 |
| 50-g portion | 21 |
| 50-g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, St Louis, MO, USA) | 24 |
| 25-g portion fed with oats28 | 25 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 19 ± 2 |
| 581 Glucose | |
| 50-g portion (dextrose) | 85 |
| 25-g portion, fed with oats28 | 92 |
| 50-g portion | 93 |
| 50-g portion (dextrose) | 96 |
| 50-g portion | 96 |
| 50-g portion (Bio-Health- Dawson Traders Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 96 |
| 50-g portion | 100 |
| 50-g portion (Glucodin glucose tablets- Boots, North Ryde, Australia) | 102 ± 9 |
| 25-g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)6 | 103 |
| 50-g portion (dextrose) | 111 |
| 100-g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)12 | 114 |
| Mean of 11 studies | 99 ± 3 |
| Glucose consumed with American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) | |
| 582 25 g glucose (Glucodex solution- Rougier Inc, Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng6 | 78 |
| 583 Glucodex | |
| 25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min after 3 g dried ginseng8 | 80 |
| 25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before 3 g dried ginseng8 | 76 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 78 ± 2 |
| 584 Glucose consumed with gum fiber | |
| 46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract (FITA, Chatswood, Australia) (total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g) | 79 ± 3 |
| 50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum | 62 |
| 50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat ß-glucan) | 57 |
| 100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum7 | 85 |
| 585 Glucose consumed with a mixed meal | |
| 30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, | 55 |
| 30 g cheese, and 10 g butter (total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France) | |
| 30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger, | 57 |
| 30 g cheese, and 10 g butter (total meal contained 50 g carbohydrate) (France) | |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 56 ± 1 |
| 586 Honey | |
| Locust honey (Romania)6 | 32 |
| Yellow box, 46% fructose (Australia)6 | 35 ± 4 |
| Stringy bark, 52% fructose (Australia)6 | 44 ± 4 |
| Red gum, 35% fructose (Australia)6 | 46 ± 3 |
| Iron bark, 34% fructose (Australia)6 | 48 ± 3 |
| Yapunya, 42% fructose (Australia)6 | 52 ± 5 |
| Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd, Richlands, Australia) | 58 ± 6 |
| Commercial blend, 38% fructose (WA blend- Capilano Honey Ltd, Australia)6 | 62 ± 3 |
| Salvation Jane, 32% fructose (Australia)6 | 64 ± 5 |
| Commercial blend, 28% fructose (NSW blend- Capilano Honey Ltd, Australia)6 | 72 ± 6 |
| Honey, NS (Canada)6 | 87 ± 8 |
| Mean of 11 types of honey | 55 ± 5 |
| 587 Lactose | |
| 50 g lactose (Sigma Chemical Co, USA) | 43 |
| 25 g lactose (BDH, Poole, UK)6 | 48 |
| 25 g lactose28 | 48 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 46 ± 2 |
| 588 50 g maltose | 105 ± 12 |
| 589 Sucrose | |
| 50 g sucrose (Sigma Chemical Co, USA)8 | 58 |
| 50 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada) | 58 |
| 50 g sucrose | 59 ± 10 |
| 50 g sucrose | 60 |
| 25 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada)6 | 60 |
| 25 g sucrose6,28 | 64 |
| 50 g sucrose | 65 ± 9 |
| 100 g sucrose (Redpath Sugars, Canada)12 | 65 |
| 30 g sucrose29 | 82 |
| 25 g sucrose6 | 110 ± 21 |
| Mean of 10 studies | 68 ± 5 |
| Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds | |
| 590 Lactitol | |
| 25 g lactitol30 | -1 ± 7 |
| 25 g lactitol MC (Danisco Sweeteners, Redhill, Surrey, UK)30 | 3 ± 1 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 2 ± 3 |
| 591 Litesse | |
| 25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)30 | 7 ± 2 |
| 25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)30 | 4 ± 2 |
| 592 Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents (Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)30 | |
| 25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) | 30 ± 12 |
| 25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol) | 44 ± 11 |
| 25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol) | 73 ± 29 |
| 25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol) | 89 ± 28 |
| 593 Xylitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)30 | |
| 25 g Xylitol | 7 ± 7 |
| 25 g Xylitol C | 8 ± 2 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 8 ± 1 |
| VEGETABLES | |
| 594 Broad beans (Canada)6 | 79 ± 16 |
| 595 Green peas | |
| Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)6 | 39 |
| Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)6 | 51 ± 6 |
| Pea, green (Pisum sativum) (India)11 | 54 ± 14 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 48 ± 5 |
| 596 Pumpkin (South Africa) | 75 ± 9 |
| 597 Sweet corn | |
| Sweet corn, honey and pearl variety (New Zealand) | 37 ± 12 |
| Sweet corn on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia) | 48 |
| Sweet corn (Canada) | 59 ± 11 |
| Sweet corn, boiled (USA) | 60 |
| Sweet corn, boiled (USA) | 60 |
| Sweet corn (South Africa) | 62 ± 5 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 54 ± 4 |
| Sweet corn, whole-kernel, diet-pack, Featherweight, canned, drained, heated (USA) | 46 |
| Sweet corn, frozen, heated in microwave (Green Giant- Pillsbury Canada Ltd, Toronto, Canada) | 47 |
| Root vegetables | |
| 598 Beetroot (Canada)6 | 64 ± 16 |
| 599 Carrots | |
| Carrots, raw (Romania)6,8 | 16 |
| Carrots, peeled, boiled (Australia)6 | 32 ± 5 |
| Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, Australia)6 | 49 ± 2 |
| Carrots, NS (Canada)6 | 92 ± 20 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 47 ± 16 |
| 600 Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya, Africa) | 46 |
| 601 Parsnips (Canada)6 | 97 ± 19 |
| Potato | |
| 602 Baked potato | |
| Ontario, white, baked in skin (Canada) | 60 |
| 603 Baked, russet Burbank potatoes | |
| Russet, baked without fat (Canada) | 56 |
| Russet, baked without fat, 45?60 min (USA) | 78 |
| Russet, baked without fat (USA) | 94 |
| Russet, baked without fat (USA) | 111 |
| Mean of 4 studies | 85 ± 12 |
| 604 Boiled potato | |
| Desiree, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) | 101 ± 15 |
| Nardine (New Zealand) | 70 ± 17 |
| Ontario, white, peeled, cut into cubes, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada) | 58 |
| Pontiac, peeled, boiled whole for 30 min (Australia) | 56 |
| Pontiac, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) | 88 ± 9 |
| Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada) | 63 |
| Sebago, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia) | 87 ± 7 |
| 605 Boiled or cooked, white or type NS | |
| Type NS (Kenya, Africa) | 24 |
| White, cooked (Romania)6 | 41 |
| White, boiled (Canada) | 54 |
| Type NS, boiled (Australia) | 56 |
| Type NS, boiled in salted water (India) | 76 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 50 ± 9 |
| Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated, reheated (India) | 23 |
| 606 Canned potatoes | |
| Prince Edward Island, canned, heated in microwave (Avon- Cobi Foods Inc, Port Williams, Canada) | 61 |
| New, canned, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny Taters- Edgell's, Cheltenham, Australia) | 65 ± 9 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 63 ± 2 |
| 607 French fries | |
| French fries, frozen, reheated in microwave (Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada) | 75 |
| 608 Instant mashed potato | |
| Instant (France) | 74 ± 12 |
| Instant (Canada) | 80 ± 13 |
| Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia) | 86 |
| Instant (Carnation Foods Co Ltd, Manitoba, Canada) | 86 |
| Instant (Canada) | 88 |
| Instant mashed potato (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA) | 97 ± 6 |
| Mean of 6 studies | 85 ± 3 |
| 609 Mashed potato | |
| Type NS (Canada) | 67 |
| Type NS (South Africa) | 71 ± 10 |
| Type NS (France) | 83 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 74 ± 5 |
| Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed (Canada) | 73 |
| Pontiac, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed (Australia) | 91 ± 9 |
| 610 Microwaved potato | ? |
| Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high for 6?7.5 min (Australia) | 79 ± 9 |
| Type NS, microwaved (USA) | 82 |
| 611 New potato | |
| New (Canada) | 47 |
| New (Canada) | 54 |
| New (Canada) | 70 ± 8 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 57 ± 7 |
| New, unpeeled and boiled 20 min (Australia) | 78 ± 12 |
| 612 Steamed potato | |
| Potato, peeled, steamed 1 h (Solanum tuberosum) (India)11 | 65 ± 11 |
| Potato dumplings (white-wheat flour, white potatoes, boiled in salted water (Italy) | 52 |
| 613 Sweet potato | |
| Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Australia) | 44 |
| Sweet potato, NS (Canada) | 48 ± 6 |
| Sweet potato, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water 15 min (Canada) | 59 |
| Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) | 77 ± 12 |
| Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) | 78 ± 6 |
| Mean of 5 studies | 61 ± 7 |
| 614 Swede | |
| Swede (rutabaga) (Canada)6 | 72 ± 8 |
| 615 Tapioca | |
| Tapioca boiled with milk (General Mills Canada Inc, Etobicoke, Canada) | 81 |
| Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1 h (India)11 | 70 ± 10 |
| 616 Taro | |
| Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia) | 54 |
| Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 56 ± 12 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 1 |
| 617 Yam | |
| Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 25 ± 4 |
| Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 35 ± 5 |
| Yam (Canada) | 51 ± 12 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 37 ± 8 |
| INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS | |
| African | |
| 618 Brown beans (South Africa) | 24 ± 8 |
| 619 Gram dhal (South Africa) | 5 ± 3 |
| 620 Maize meal porridge, unrefined, maize meal:water (1:3) (South Africa) | 71 ± 6 |
| Maize meal porridge, refined, maize-meal:water (1:3) (South Africa) | 74 ± 7 |
| Maize meal porridge or gruel (Kenya) | 109 |
| 621 M?fino or Morogo, wild greens (South Africa) | 68 ± 8 |
| 622 Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya) | 46 |
| 623 Millet flour porridge or gruel (Kenya) | 107 |
| 624 Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays) (Ghana)31 | 12 ± 1 |
| 625 Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima) (Ghana)31 | 56 ± 3 |
| 626 Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) (Ghana)31 | 40 ± 4 |
| 627 Yam (Dyscoria) (Ghana)31 | 66 |
| Arabic and Turkish | |
| 628 Hummus (chickpea salad dip) | 6 ± 4 |
| 629 Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul) | 61 ± 16 |
| 630 Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), | 86 ± 12 |
| hummus, falafel and tabbouleh | |
| 631 Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice) | 24 ± 5 |
| 632 Moroccan couscous (stew of semolina, chickpeas, and vegetables) | 58 ± 9 |
| 633 Stuffed grapevine leaves (rice and lamb stuffing with tomato sauce) | 30 ± 11 |
| 634 Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yogurt, tomato, and green pepper) | 20 |
| 635 Turkish bread, white-wheat flour | 87 |
| 636 Turkish bread, whole wheat | 49 |
| 637 Turkish noodle soup | 1 |
| Asian | |
| 638 Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Lion Foods, Thailand) | 86 ± 10 |
| 639 Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan) | 79 |
| 640 Curry rice (Japan) | 67 |
| 641 Curry rice with cheese (Japan) | 55 |
| 642 Glutinous rice | |
| Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co, Bangkok, Thailand) | 98 ± 7 |
| Glutinous rice NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan) | 86 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 92 ± 6 |
| 643 Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake (mochi) (Japan) | 48 |
| 644 Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan) | 83 |
| 645 Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with roasted ground soybean (Japan) | 65 |
| 646 Jasmine rice, white, cooked in rice cooker (Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand) | 109 ± 10 |
| 647 Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan) | 70 |
| 648 Lungkow bean thread (National Cereals, Oils and Foodstuffs, China) | 26 |
| 649 Lychee, canned in syrup, drained (Narcissus brand, China) | 79 ± 8 |
| 650 Mung bean noodles, dried, boiled (China) | 39 ± 9 |
| 651 Nonglutaminous rice flour, served warm (Narcissus brand, China) | 68 |
| 652 Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan) | 91 |
| 653 Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co | 81 |
| 654 Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World, Bangkok, Thailand) | 61 ± 6 |
| 655 Rice noodles, fresh, boiled (Australia) | 40 ± 4 |
| 656 Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China) | 58 |
| 657 Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd, Japan) | 77 |
| 658 Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd, Japan) | 80 |
| 659 Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water, served with soup (Japan) | 46 |
| 660 Stir-fried vegetables, chicken and rice, homemade (Australia) | 73 ± 17 |
| 661 Sushi | |
| Sushi, salmon (I Love Sushi- Australia)6 | 48 ± 8 |
| Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan) | 55 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 52 ± 4 |
| 662 Udon noodles | |
| Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic, Windsor Gardens, Australia)6 | 62 ± 8 |
| Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan) | 48 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 7 |
| 663 White rice, dried sea algae and milk | |
| White rice, dried sea algae and milk, eaten together (Japan) | 57 |
| White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten before rice) (Japan) | 56 |
| White rice, dried sea algae and milk (milk eaten after rice) (Japan) | 55 |
| Mean of 3 types | 56 ± 1 |
| 664 White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan) | 79 |
| 665 White rice with fermented soybean sp- (natto) (Japan) | 56 |
| 666 White rice with instant miso soup sp- (soybean paste soup) (Japan) | 61 |
| 667 White rice with low-fat milk (Japan) | 69 |
| 668 White rice and nonsugar yogurt | |
| White rice and nonsugar yogurt eaten before rice (Japan) | 59 |
| White rice and nonsugar yogurt eaten together (Japan) | 58 |
| Mean of 2 types | 59 ± 1 |
| 669 White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber | |
| White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan) | 63 |
| White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber (pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan) | 61 |
| Mean of 2 types | 62 ± 1 |
| 670 White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan) | 72 |
| 671 White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan) | 56 |
| 672 White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan) | 80 |
| 673 White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted sea algae (Japan) | 77 |
| Asian Indian | |
| 674 Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum), popped, eaten with milk and nonnutritive sweetener | 97 ± 19 |
| 675 Bajra | |
| Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as roasted bread made from bajra flour | 55 ± 13 |
| Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum) | 49 |
| Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum) | 67 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 57 ± 5 |
| 676 Banana (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety, unripe, steamed 1 h11 | 70 ± 11 |
| 677 Barley | |
| Barley (Hordeum vulgare) | 48 |
| 695 Green gram (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h11 | 38 ± 14 |
| 696 Green gram, whole with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked | 57 ± 6 |
| 697 Green gram dhal with varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked | 78 ± 12 |
| 698 Horse gram (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h11 | 51 ± 11 |
| 699 Idli | |
| Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, and steamed) with chutney | 77 ± 2 |
| Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked, ground, fermented, and steamed) with chutney | 60 ± 2 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 69 ± 9 |
| 700 Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour (Sorghum vulgare) | 77 ± 8 |
| 701 Laddu | |
| Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, and fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup | 24 ± 4 |
| Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted legume powder, and fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup | 29 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 27 ± 3 |
| 702 Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia) | 60 ± 10 |
| 703 Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana), dehusked, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h11 | 68 ± 10 |
| 703 Millet/Ragi | |
| Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana)11 | 84 |
| Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten as roasted bread | 104 ± 13 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 94 ± 10 |
| 705 Pongal | |
| Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked) | 90 ± 3 |
| Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal, pressure cooked) | 45 ± 2 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 68 ± 23 |
| 706 Poori | |
| Poori (deep-fried wheat-flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato) | 82 ± 2 |
| Poori (deep-fried wheat-flour dough) with potato palya (mashed potato) | 57 ± 1 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 70 ± 13 |
| 707 Rajmah (Phaseolus vulgaris) | 19 |
| 708 Rice (Oryza sativa) boiled served with with potato palya (mashed potato) | 69 ± 15 |
| 709 Semolina | |
| Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed | 55 ± 9 |
| Semolina (Triticum aestivum), preroasted | 76 ± 6 |
| Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with | |
| fermented black gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo) | 46 ± 12 |
| Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus) | 62 ± 20 |
| Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum) | 54 ± 7 |
| 710 Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1 h11 | 70 ± 10 |
| 711 Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked 15 lb 12?15 min | 68 ± 8 |
| 712 Upittu | |
| Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water) | 67 ± 3 |
| Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water) | 69 ± 4 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 68 ± 1 |
| 713 Uppuma kedgeree | |
| Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds- roasted and cooked in water) | 18 ± 3 |
| Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds- roasted and cooked in water) | 19 ± 3 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 18 ± 1 |
| Australian aboriginal | |
| 714 Acacia aneura, mulga seed, roasted, wet ground to paste6 | 8 |
| 715 Acacia coriacea, desert oak, seed bread6 | 46 |
| 716 Araucaria bidwillii, bunya tree nut, baked 10 min6 | 47 |
| 717 Bush honey, sugar bag6 | 43 |
| 718 Castanospermum australe, blackbean seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked6 | 8 |
| 719 Dioscorea bulbifera, cheeky yam, peeled, sliced, soaked 2 d, baked 15 min6 | 34 |
| 720 Macrozamia communis, cycad palm seed, sliced, soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked6 | 40 ± 2 |
| Pacific Islanders | |
| 721 Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia)6 | 68 |
| 722 Banana/plantain, green | |
| Green banana, boiled (New Zealand) | 38 ± 10 |
| 723 Sweet potato | |
| Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Australia) | 44 |
| Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) | 77 ± 12 |
| Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand) | 78 ± 6 |
| Mean of 3 studies | 66 ± 11 |
| 724 Taro | |
| Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia) | 54 |
| Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 56 ± 12 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 55 ± 1 |
| 725 Yam | |
| Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 25 ± 4 |
| Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand) | 35 ± 5 |
| Mean of 2 groups of subjects | 30 ± 5 |
| Israeli | |
| 726 Melawach (dough made from | |
| white-wheat flour and butter, fried) | |
| Melawach | 61 ± 10 |
| Melawach | 71 ± 7 |
| Mean of 2 studies | 66 ± 5 |
| 727 Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua) fiber (soluble) | 31 ± 6 |
| 728 Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble) | 59 ± 10 |
| 729 Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber | 72 ± 10 |
| fiber | |
| Pima Indian | |
| 730 Acorns, stewed with venison (Quercus emoryi)6 | 16 ± 1 |
| 731 Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi) | 91 |
| 732 Corn hominy (Zea mays)6 | 40 ± 5 |
| 733 Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi) | 70 |
| 734 Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus)6 | 36 ± 3 |
| 735 Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina)6 | 25 ± 3 |
| 736 Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota) | 38 |
| 737 White teparies broth (Phaseolusacutifolius)6 | 31 ± 3 |
| 738 Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)6 | 29 ± 3 |
| South American | |
| 739 Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico) | 72 |
| 740 Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour (25% amylose)9,34 | 81 |
| 741 Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose (70%) corn flour9,34 | 44 |
| 742 Black beans | 30 |
| 743 Brown beans | 38 |
| 744 Corn tortilla (Mexican) | 52 |
| 745 Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican) | 39 |
| 746 Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato and lettuce (Mexican) | 78 |
| 747 Nopal (prickly pear cactus) | 7 |
| 748 Pinto beans, boiled in salted water | 14 |
| 749 Wheat tortilla (Mexican) | 30 |
| 750 Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and tomato sauce (Mexican) | 28 |
| 1 NS, not specified- type 1 and type 2, subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes- AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless specified otherwise. | |
| 2 | |
| ± SEM. Two GI vlaues are shown for each food?one in which glucose sugar was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the reference food. | |
| 3 Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100. | |
| 4 Human Nutrition Unit (Sydney University, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995?2002. | |
| 5 The low GI may be explained by the inclusion of rolled oats in the recipe. | |
| 6 Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate. | |
| 7 V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 1996?2000. | |
| 8 GI calculated from the AUC for glucose. | |
| 9 GI calculated by using a mathematical formula based on results from an in vitro starch hydrolysis assay. | |
| 10 Impaired glucose tolerance. | |
| 11 Both the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate. | |
| 12 Both the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate. | |
| 13 Values based on 0.5 g carbohydrate/kg body wt. | |
| 14 AUC measured over 3 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min). | |
| 15 GI corrected for added milk and adjusted to represent a 50-g carbohydrate portion size. | |
| 16 Made from raw oats that were cooked for 20 min. | |
| 17 Used as reference food and given a GI of 100. The GI of the test food was measured by expressing the glucose AUC value for the test food as a percentage of the AUC value for wheat chapatti. | |
| 18 GI calculated from AUC food/AUC glucose formula. The AUC value was calculated over 3 h for 5 time points only. | |
| 19 J Dzieniszewski, J Ciok (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland), unpublished observations, 1996?2001. | |
| 20 J Brand-Miller, S Holt (Sydney University, Australia), and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 2000 and 2001. | |
| 21 M Champ (INRA, France) and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, France), unpublished observations, 1998. | |
| 22 AUC measured over 3 h for only 4 time points (0, 1, 2, and 3 h). | |
| 23 AUC calculated as the area above fasting to 3 h only. | |
| 24 AUC measured over 5 h, but blood samples taken at hourly intervals only. | |
| 25 Potato used as reference food with a GI fixed at 80. The GI of the test food was calculated by expressing the test food's glucose AUC value as a percentage of the potato's AUC value. | |
| 26 White rice was used as the reference food, but glucose was also tested and had a GI of 122. The observed GI was multiplied by 100 and then divided by 122 to convert it to a GI on the glucose scale (ie, glucose = reference food with a GI of 100). | |
| 27 Blood glucose measured at 30-min intervals. | |
| 28 GI for sugars calculated from the glycemic response for a meal of sugar and rolled oats minus the glycemic response for the oats alone. | |
| 29 Both the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate. | |
| 30 Total weight of the test food was 25 g, whereas reference food contained 25 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimate. | |
| 31 Eaten as part of a mixed meal with fish, tomato, and onion sauce. | |
| 32 AUC measured over 2 h for 4 time points (0, 30, 60, and 120 min). | |
| 33 AUC measured over 4 h for only 6 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min). | |
| 34 Both the test food and the reference food contained 45 g carbohydrate. | |
| 35 Reference food was an ordinary corn flour arepa. |